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“The Penny Cyclopedia of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful, Volume 22, p197.” Venus, from the first and last letters of twoodpoc” Mercury was designated by putting a and together, the initials of ariNBov Says the origin of symbols: “Venus a circular looking-glass with a handle”. “The origin of the symbols of the planets by Maunder 1934” Here, the symbol of Venus began as a necklace attached to another. “Bianchini's planisphere” is dated 2nd century. Illustration of parts of Bianchini's planisphere. “The origin of the symbols of the planets by Maunder 1934”. “The origin of the symbols of the planets” by Maunder, A. Florence, Italy: Istituto e Museo di Storia della Scienza (Institute and Museum of the History of Science). A history of ancient mathematical astronomy. The modern symbols for the seven classical planets (with an additional crossbar in the symbol for Mercury) are found in a woodcut of the seven planets, represented as the corresponding gods riding chariots, in a Latin translation of Abu Ma'shar's De Magnis Coniunctionibus printed at Venice in 1506. According to Maunder, the addition of crosses appears to be “an attempt to give a savour of Christianity to the symbols of the old pagan gods.” These cross-marks first appear in the late 15th or early 16th century. Ma 540) where the seven planets are represented by portraits of the seven corresponding gods, each with a simple representation of an attribute, as follows: Mercury has a caduceus Venus has, attached to her necklace, a cord connected to another necklace Mars, a spear Jupiter, a staff Saturn, a scythe the Sun, a circlet with rays emanating from it and the Moon, a headdress with a crescent attached.Ī diagram in the astronomical compendium by Johannes Kamateros (12th century) shows the Sun represented by the circle with a ray, Jupiter by the letter zeta (the initial of Zeus, Jupiter's counterpart in Greek mythology), Mars by a shield crossed by a spear, and the remaining classical planets by symbols resembling the modern ones, without the cross-mark seen in modern versions of the symbols. Antecedents of the planetary symbols are attested in the form of attributes given to the respective classical deities, represented in simplified pictographic form already in the Roman era, as attested in the Bianchini's planisphere (2nd century, Louvre inv. Early forms are also found in medieval Byzantine codices in which many ancient horoscopes were preserved. The written symbols for Mercury, Venus, Jupiter, and Saturn have been traced to forms found in late Greek papyri. The Mars symbol based on spear, seems to be valid.Īnd symbol of Venus may came from a depiction of goddess venus with necklace. These are ancient symbols appearing in as early as Roman era. It takes a lot research to find their origin, and there does not seem to be nice concise reason of origin. It's said that Venus symbol came from the shape of a hand mirror, and Lilith is a figure in Jewish mythology, a “night monster”. Though, there is a asteroid named 1181 Lilith. It's not recognized in astronomy today or in the past. The BLACK MOON LILITH ⚸ is a hypothetical moon proposed in 1918 by astrologer Walter Gorn Old. She tossed a golden apple with inscription “for the most beautiful” in the midst of the feast of the gods at the wedding of Peleus and Thetis as a prize of beauty, thus sparking a vanity-fueled dispute among goddesses Hera, Athena, and Aphrodite that eventually led to the Trojan War. One of them is dwarf planet Eris, but it doesn't have agreed-upon sign, and no Unicode symbol dedicated to it. Today, Pluto ♇ is no longer considered a planet, but a dwarf planet, alone with other dwarf planets discovered recently. The origin of the Mars symbol is from the weapon spear. Mars is god of war in Roman mythology (from Greek's Ares). The origin of the Venus symbol seems to be the goddess's necklace, later envolved to be taken as a hand mirror. Venus is the Roman goddess of sex, from Greek's Aphrodite.
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The Venus symbol ♀ used as female symbol began with Swedish botanist, physician, zoologist Carl Linnaeus around 1750s. Imperial Orb of the Holy Roman Empire, in Schatzkammer in Wien (Austria). Middle Ages, used on coins, in iconography, and with the sceptre as royal Orb and cross, is a Christian symbol of authority since the The globus cruciger (Latin, “cross-bearing orb”), aka The one with cross on top of circle came from stylized globus cruciger Latin Modern Roman is available as OpenType or TrueType.Note that there are 2 symbols for earth.
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Latin Modern Roman is available as Type 1. Ligatures, German double s, and other special characters To get information of other versions of this font look into the page about the various versions of the Computer Modern fonts. The LaTeX Font Catalogue – Latin Modern Roman